| Rule | Examples | Memorise |
|---|---|---|
| 1. ‘ie’ or ‘ei’ i) Write i earlier e, except later on c ii) Write ie later on c for words alongside a shensound. iii) Write ei when the vowels sounds similar an a every bit inwards 'weigh' | i)achieve, believe, friend receive, receipt, perceive ii)ancient, efficient, sufficient, conscience iii)neighbour, vein, reign, rein, deign | Exceptions: Words similar counterfeit, either, neither, height, leisure, forfeit, foreign, science, species, seize, weird |
| 2. ‘s’ or ‘es’ i) Add es if a discussion ends inwards ch, sh, ss, xor z ii) Add es for almost words ending inwards o | i)arch > arches, clash > clashes, degree > classes, box > boxes, quiz > quizzes ii)tomato > tomatoes, hero > heroes, acquire > goes, create > does, echo > echoes | Exceptions: Words similar altos, duos, pianos, radios, solos sopranos, studios, videos, typos |
| 3. ‘y’ to ‘i’ or not i) For words ending inwards y preceded past times a vowel, retain the y when adding second or a suffix. ii) For words ending inwards y, retain the y when adding ing. iii) For words ending inwards y, preceded past times a consonant, alter the y to i earlier whatever other suffix | i) choose > conveys, utilise > employer ii) endeavour > trying, justify > justifying, certify > certifying, written report > studying iii) endeavour > tried, justify > justifies, certify > certifiable, mystify > mystified, laboratory > laboratories | Exceptions: Words similar dryness, shyness |
| 4. drop the in conclusion ‘e’ i) DROP the e when the suffix starts alongside a vowel. ii) DROP the e when the discussion ends indge. iii) DROP the in conclusion e when adding -ing | i)save > savable, purpose > usable ii)judge > judgment iii)save >saving, contend > managing, describe > tracing, emerge > emerging | Exceptions:DO NOT DROP the e if the discussion ends inwards ce or ge (e.g. contend > manageable, describe > traceable) |
| 5. ‘t ’ or ‘tt’ when adding -ing, - ed together with unopen to suffixes to verbs i) DOUBLE the t for verbs of i syllable alongside a unmarried vowel, or a brusk vowel sound. ii) DOUBLE the t for verbs of to a greater extent than than i syllable when the stress is on the in conclusion syllable. | i)rot > rotting, rotted, rotten jibe > fitting, fittedknot > knotting, knotted ii)abet > abetting, abetting allot > allotting, allottedcommit > committing, committed emit > emitting, emittedforget > forgetting, forgotten (but forgetful) | Exceptions:DO NOT DOUBLE the t for verbs of i syllable alongside a double vowel or a long vowel audio (e.g. process > treating, treated; greet > greeting, greeted) |
| 6. ‘r’ or ‘rr’ when adding -ing, - ed together with unopen to suffixes to verbs i)DOUBLE the r for verbs of i syllable when the in conclusion r is preceded past times a unmarried vowel. ii)DOUBLE the r for words of to a greater extent than than i syllable when the stress does non autumn on the commencement syllable. | i)star > starring, starred, starry tar > tarring, tarredwar > warring, warred (but warfare) scar > scarring, scarredstir > stirring, stirred ii)concur > concurring, concurred, concurrence hand > occurring, occurred, occurrence defer > deferring, deferred, (but deference) deter > deterring, deterring, deterrentinfer > inferring, inferred, (but inference) prefer > preferred, preferring, (but preference) refer > referred, referring, referral | Exceptions:DO NOT DOUBLE the r for verbs of i syllable when the in conclusion r is preceded past times a double vowel (e.g. fear>fearing, feared)DO NOT DOUBLE the r for words of to a greater extent than than i syllable, when the stress falls on the commencement syllable (e.g. prosper > prospered, prospering) |
| 7. ‘l’ or ‘ll’ when adding -ing,-ed together with unopen to suffixes to verbs DOUBLE the fifty when it is preceded past times a unmarried vowel. | cancel > cancelling, cancelled, cancellation enrol > enrolling, enrolled (but enrolment) fulfil > fulfilling, fulfilled, fulfillmentlevel > levelling, levelledtravel > travelling, travelled, traveller | Exceptions: DO NOT DOUBLE the lwhen it is preceded past times a double vowel (e.g. conceal> concealing, concealed) |
| 8. Dropping letters Many words drib a missive of the alphabet when adding a suffix, but it isnot ever the in conclusion letter | argue > argument; continue > procedure; humour > humorous; disaster > disastrous; repeat > repetition; administer > administration | There is no reliable dominion roofing these words, together with then they exactly choose to hold upward memorised. |
| 9. Word endings such as able/ible, ant/ance; ent/ence | negligible, incredible, invisible, sensible, admirable, preventable, suitable, dependable attendance, ignorance, nuisance, importance sentence, departure ,independence, intelligence | There is no reliable dominion roofing these words, together with then they exactly choose to hold upward memorised. |
| 10. Silent letters Some words include letters which are non pronounced when the discussion is spoken. | advertisement, campaign, column, debt, design, doubt, gauge, ghetto, heir, knife, knowledge, island, mortgage, often, pneumatic, rhythm, solemn, subtle | There is no reliable dominion roofing these words, together with then they exactly choose to hold upward memorised. |
