100 golden rules of English linguistic communication Grammar for error detection as well as judgement improvement
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A. SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT
1 . Two or to a greater extent than Singular Subjects connected past times as well as commonly receive got a Verb inwards the Plural.
For example,
Incorrect- Hari as well as Ram is here.
Correct- Hari as well as Ram are here.
2. If ii Singular Nouns holler to the same individual or thing, the Verb must last Singular.
Incorrect- The Secretary as well as Principal are coming.
Correct- The Secretary as well as Principal is coming.
(Here the same person is .Secretary every bit good every bit Principal)
3. If the Singular Subjects are preceded past times each or every, the Verb is commonly Singular.
For example,
Incorrect- Every man child as well as daughter were ready.
Correct- Every man child as well as girl was ready.
4. Two or to a greater extent than Singular Subjects connected past times or, nor, either ..... or, neither .... nor receive got a Verb inwards the Singular.
For example,
Incorrect- Neither he nor I were there.
Correct- Neither he nor I was there.
5. When the Subjects joined by 'or/nor are of unlike numbers, the Verb must last Plural, as well as the Plural Subject must last placed side past times side to the Verb.
For example,
lncorrect- Neither the Assistant Masters nor the Headmaster was present.
Correct- Neither the Headmaster nor the Assistant Masters were
present. '
6. When the Subjects joined past times or, nor are of unlike persons, the Verb agrees inwards individual alongside the 1 nearest to it.
For example,
Incorrect- Either he or I is mistaken.
Correct- Either he or I, am mistaken.
7. H5N1 Collective Noun takes a Singular Verb when the collection is thought of every bit a whole, a Plural Verb when the individuals of which it is composed are thought of.
For example,
Correct- The Council has chosen the President.
Correct- The military machine were called out.
8. Some Nouns which are singular inwards shape but plural inwards meaning, receive got a Plural Verb.
For example,
Incorrect- Mathematics are a branch of written report inwards every school.
Correct- Mathematics is a branch of written report inwards every school.
9. Words joined to a Singular Subject past times with, together with, inwards add-on to, or, every bit good as, etc. are parenthetical, and therefore do non impact the publish of the Verb.
For example,
Incorrect- The Chief, alongside all his men, were massacred .• Correct-The chief, alongside all his men, was massacred.
10. When the Subject of the Verb is a Relative Pronoun help should last taken to regard that the Verb agrees inwards Number as well as Person alongside the Antecedent of the relative.
For example,
Incorrect- I, who is your friend, . will guard you,r interests.
Correct- I, who am your friend volition guard your interests.
B. USES OF PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES
11. Ask, advise, allow, command, force, forbid, invite, encourage, compel, beg, order•, imagine, instruct, permit, persuade, tell, require, remind, teach, etc. are followed past times Object + To +V2
For example,
Incorrect- He advised to create it past times me.
Correct- He advised me to create it. But if these are used inwards Passive Voice, as well as then they are followed past times To +V,.
For example,
Correct- She was permitted to larn alongside him.
12. Know is followed past times how/ where/when/why as well as Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I know to write a letter.
Correct- I know how to write a letter.
13. After let, bid, behold, watch, see, feel, brand etc. nosotros exercise Bare-Infinitive as well as non To-infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- I heard him to speak on several subjects.
Correct- I heard him speak on several subjects.
14. Bare Infinitive is used after Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, dare not, demand not).
For example,
Incorrect- You need not to work hard.
Correct- You demand non travel hard.
15. Had better, had rather,had as before long ... every bit ... , had sooner etc. are fol-lowed by Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had better to go now.
Correct- He had meliorate larn now. 16. Conjunction than is also fol¬lowed past times Bare Infinitive.
For example,
Incorrect- He had meliorate read than to write.
Correct- He had meliorate read than write.
17. When but is used every bit a Preposition as well as preceded past times whatever shape of the Verb do, as well as then but is followed alongside Bare Infinitive.
Incorrect- He did nada but to wander.
Correct- He did nada but wander.
18. Every Participile must receive got a Subject of Reference.
For example,
Incorrect- Being a rainy twenty-four hr current Vijay decided to remain at home.
Correct- It existence a rainy twenty-four hr current Vijay decided to remain at home.
19. For completed activity Having + Va is used inwards Active Voice, whereas Having + been + Va or Being + Va is used inwards Passive Voice. After should non last used inwards such a sentence.
For example,
Incorrect- After the leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
Correct- The leader having been killed, the followers ran away.
20. Participles similar considering, judging, referring, concerning, regarding, viewing, broadly speaking etc. create non receive got whatever Subject of Reference.
For example,
Correct - Considering the case, I took the decision.
Here I is not a Subject of Reference of considering. So, in that location is no Subject of Reference for 'considering, notwithstanding the judgement is correct.
C. USES OF VERBS
21. When in that location are ii Subjects inwards a judgement as well as they are non inwards the same Number, as well as then nosotros must receive got to exercise separate Auxiliaries (is, are, am, was, were, have, has) for both of them.
For example,
Incorrect- Three- killed as well as 1 were injured.
Correct- Three were killed as well as 1 was injured.
22. H5N1 unmarried Verb should last made to serve ii Subjects, solely when the shape of Verb is same for both the subjects.
Incorrect- I am seventeen years former as well as my sis fourteen.
Correct- I am seventeen years former as well as my sis is fourteen.
23. Two auxiliaries tin last used alongside 1 principal Verb, solely when the shape of the principal Verb is appropriate to both the auxiliaries. '
Incorrect- He never has, as well as never volition receive got such potent measures.
Correct- He never has taken, as well as never volition receive got such potent measures.
24. When in that location is solely 1 auxiliary to ii principal Verbs it should last correctly associated alongside the both.
Incorrect- Ten candidates receive got passed 1 failed.
Correct- Ten candidates receive got passed, 1 has failed.
25. H5N1 Past Tense inwards the main clause should last followed past times a Past Tense inwards the subordinate clause.
Incorrect- He succeeded because he plant hard.
Correct- He succeeded because he worked hard.
26. H5N1 Past Tense in main clause may last followed past times a Present Tense
in the subordinate clause when the subordinate clause expresses a universal truth.
Incorrect- Our instructor said that the public moved circular the sun.
Correct- Our instructor said that the public moves circular the sun.
27. When the subordinate clause comes after 'lest', the auxiliary Verb 'should' must last used, whatever last the Tense of the Verb inwards the main clause.
Incorrect- We start early on lest nosotros shall miss the train.
Correct- We start early on lest nosotros should miss the train.
28. An Adverb or Adverbial phrase should non last placed betwixt 'to' as well as verbal part of,the infinitive. (This is called the split upwardly infinitive).
Incorrect- I hoped to similar a shot respond to your letter:
Correct- I hoped to respond similar a shot to your letter.
29. An infinitive should last inwards the nowadays tense unless it represents' an activity prior to that of the governing Verb.
Incorrect- I should receive got liked to have gone-there.
Correct- I should receive got liked to larn there.
30. Gerund if preceded past times a Pr-o-noun, that Pronoun must last in Possessive case.
Incorrect - He emphasised me going there.
Correct- He emphasised my go-ing there.
31. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used for an activity that began inwards the past times fourth dimension as well as still. going at the fourth dimension of speaking It is used with, Adverbials of fourth dimension introduced past times 'since', 'for' as well as 'how long .
Incorrect- How long are y'all working i this office?
. Correct- How long receive got y'all been working inwards this office?
32. A Verb when preceded past times a Preposition must last the Gerund.
Incorrect- They were punished for come upwardly late.
Correct- They were punished for, coming late.
33. The Future Indefinite Tense is non used inwards the clauses of time, identify as well as condition. Here the Present In¬definite Tense is used.
Incorrect- I shall hold off for y'all till y'all volition destination your work.
Correct- I shall hold off for you, till y'all destination your work.
34. The Present Perfect Tense is non used alongside the Adverbs of past times fourth dimension similar yesterday, inwards 1990 etc. Here Past Indefinite Tense is used.
Incorrect I receive got bought a wheel yesterday.
Correct-I bought a wheel yesterday.
The Past Perfect Tense is used to stand upwardly for the before of the ii past times actions.
Incorrect- When I reached the station, the develop already left.
Correct- When I reached the station, the develop had already left.
35. Modal Auxiliaries are non used together. But ii Auxiliaries tin last connected past times a Conjunction.
For example,
Incorrect-He should must do it. Correct- He should as well as must do
it.
36. When demand or dare is fol-lowed by not, it turns into modal auxiliary. In that situation it takes Bare Infinitive 'and nosotros cannot exercise needs non or dares not.
For example,
Incorrect- He needs non create it. Correct- He demand non create it.
Rules of English linguistic communication Grammar For SSC CGL as well as Bank PO
D. USES OF ADJECTIVES
37. Adjectives of quantity exhibit how much of a matter is meant. Adjectives of quantity (some; much, little, enough, all, no, any, great, half, sufficient, whole) are used for Uncountable Nuns only.
For example,
Incorrect-I ate a few rice. Correct- I ate some rice.
38. Numeral Adjectives are used for Countable Noun solely as well as they exhibit how many persons or things are meant or inwards what gild a individual or matter stands,
For example,
Incorrect- I receive got taught y'all fiddling things.
Correct- I receive got taught y'all a few things.
39. When fundamental as well as ordinal are used together ordinal preceds the cardinal.
For example,
Incorrect- The 4 initiative of all boys volition last given the chance.
Correct- The initiative of all 4 boys volition last given the chance.
40. Later, latest holler to time, latter and final holler to position.
For example,
Incorrect- I reached at 10 am.
But he was latter than I expected.
Correct- I reached at 10 am. But he was afterwards than I expected,
41. Farther means to a greater extent than distant or advanced; farther agency additional.
For example,
Incorrect- He insisted on farther improvement.
Correct- He insisted on farther improvement.
42. Each is used inwards speaking of ii or to a greater extent than things, every is used solely inwards speaking of to a greater extent than than two.
For example,
Incorrect- Every of the ii boys volition larn a prize.
Correct- Each of the ii boys volition larn a prize.
43. To limited quantity or degree some is used inwards affirmative sentences, whatever inwards negative or interrogative sentences.
For example,.
Incorrect- Have y'all bought some mangoes?
Correct- Have y'all bought whatever mangoes?
44. In comparing ii things, the Comparative should last used, The Superlativ should non last used.
Incorrect- Which is the best of the two?
Correct- Which is the meliorate of the two?
45. When ii qualities of the same individual or matter are compared,the Comparative in-er is non used. 'More' is used for this purpose.
Incorrect- He is wiser than brave.
Correct- He is to a greater extent than wise than brave.
46. When comparison is made past times agency of a comparative, the matter compared should last excluded from the score of things alongside which it is compared past times using 'other' or some such word.
Incorrect- He is cleverer than whatever man child inwards the class.
Correct- He is cleverer than whatever other man child inwards the class.
47. When comparison is made past times agency of a superlative, the thing com-pared should include the score of things alongside which it is compared.
Incorrect- He is the strongest of all other men.
Correct- He is the strongest of all men ..
48. When ii persons or things are compared, it is of import that the same parts of things should last compared.
Incorrect- The population of Mumbai is greater than Delhi.
Correct- The population of Mumbai is greater than that of Delhi.
49. Double comparatives as well as superlatives should non last used.
1. Incorrect- He is the most cleverest man child inwards the class.
Correct- He is the cleverest man child inwards the class.
2. Incorrect- He is more wiser than his brother.
Correct- He 'is wiser than his brother.
50. The comparative Adjectives superior inferior, senior, junior, prior, anterior, posterior prefer, etc., should last followed past times 'to' instead of 'than'.
Incorrect- He is senior than me.
Correct- He is senior to me.
Rules of English linguistic communication Grammar For SSC CGL as well as Bank PO
51. Adjectives similar 'unique', ideal,
perfect, complete, universal, entire, extreme, chief, total foursquare as well as round, which create non acknowledge unlike degrees of comparing should non last compared.
Incorrect- It is the most unique thing.
Correct- It is a unique thing.
52. All the Adjectives which holler to the same Noun should last inwards the same score of comparison.
Incorrect- He is the wisest as well as honest worker inwards the office.
Correct- He is the wisest as well as most honest worker inwards the office.
53. 'Elder' as well as 'eldest' should last used for persons only, strictly speaking, they are used for the members of the same identify unit of measurement only. 'Older' as well as 'oldest' are used for both persons as well as things.
Incorrect- He is my older brother.
Correct- He is my elderberry brother.
E. USES OF ADVERBS
54. To modify a Verb, an Adjective or some other Adverb, nosotros exercise an Adverb.
Incorrect- She writes really careful.
Correct- She writes really carefully.
Carefully is an Adjective which cannot modify the Adverb very, so carefully (Adverb) must last used inwards identify of Adjective careful.
55. Too agency to a greater extent than than required as well as it is used alongside Unpleasant Adjective. So, nosotros cannot exercise likewise glad, likewise happy, likewise pleasant, likewise healthy.
For example,
Incorrect- I am likewise glad to encounter you.
Correct- I am really glad to encounter you.
56. H5N1 judgement which is based on ''Too .... To" format, nosotros cannot supervene upon to alongside so that. If nosotros supervene upon to alongside so that, likewise also must last replaced alongside cannot.
For example,
Incorrect- He is likewise weak so that he cannot walk.
Correct- He is likewise weak to walk. Correct- He is so weak that he cannot walk.
57. Much likewise is followed past times Unpleasant Adjective, whereas likewise much is followed past times Noun.
Much likewise + Unpleasant Adjective.
Too much + Noun.
For example,
Incorrect- His failure is likewise much painful for me.
Correct- His failure is much likewise painful for me.
Incorrect- His wife's rude demeanour gives him much too pain.
Correct- His wife's rude demeanour gives him likewise much pain.
58. Quite as well as all are non used together.
For example,
Incorrect- He is quite all right. Correct- He is quite right. or He
is all right-
59. A/An + Fairly + Adjective +
Noun or Rather + H5N1 + Adjective For example,
(i) a fairly skillful book
(ii) rather a hard problem.
But nosotros cannot exercise Pleasant Adjective alongside rather as well as Unpleasant Adjective alongside fairly.
For example,
Incorrect- It was a rather skillful book.
Correct- It was a fairly skillful book.
60. Enough, when used every bit an Adverb, is preceded past times a positive score Adjective or Adverb.
For example,
Incorrect- He is greater plenty to pardon you.
Correct- He is groovy plenty to
pardon you. '
61. Two negatives cancel each other. Hence two negatives should non last used inwards the same judgement unless nosotros brand an affirmation.
Incorrect-I have not got none.
Correct- I.have not got any.
62. 'At present' agency 'at the nowadays time', 'presently' agency 'shortly'. These should non last confused.
1. Incorrect- Nothing to a greater extent than tin last done presently.
Correct- Nothing to a greater extent than tin last done at present.
2. Incorrect- He volition come upwardly dorsum at present.
Correct- He volition come upwardly dorsum presently.
63. 'Hard' agency 'diligently', strenuously', 'Hardly' agency 'scarcely at all'. These ii Adverbial forms of 'hard' must non last confused.
1. Incorrect- He tried hardly to win the race.
Correct- He tried hard to win the race.
2. Incorrect- She has eaten hard anything today.
Correct- She has eaten hardly anything today.
64. 'Much' is used before past times participles as well as Adjectives or Adverbs of comparative degree. 'Very' is used before the nowadays participles as well as Adjectives as well as Adverbs of positive degree.
1. Incorrect- The intelligence is much surprising.
Correct- The intelligence is really surprising.
2. Incorrect-I was really surprised at hearing the news.
Correct- I was much surprised at hearing the news.
65. Hardly is an Adverb which agency rarely. Whereas hard is an Adjective which agency tough, rigid.
For example,
Incorrect- It is a hardly job.
Correct- It is a hard job.
66. Ago is ever used alongside Past Indefinite Tense. So, if agone is used inwards a sentence, that judgement must last inwards the Past Indefinite Tense.
For example,
Incorrect- He has come upwardly a calendar month ago.
Correct- He came a calendar month ago. 67. At nowadays agency at this minute as well as it is used alongside •Present Tense, whereas presently as well as shortly are used for future' activity as well as generally' used alongside Future Indefinite Tense.
For example,
Incorrect- Presently he is inwards the room.
Correct- At nowadays he is inwards the room.
68. Early agency "just after the start of anything" as well as before long agency only after a indicate of time.
For example,
Roses blossomed early on this spring.
69. The judgement which starts alongside seldom, never. hardly. rarely or scarcely takes an inverse structure, Le., Verb + Subject - Structure. For example,
Incorrect- Seldom I had seen such a beautiful sight.
Correct- Seldom had I seen such a beautiful sight.
70. Inversion is also used inwards a judgement which starts alongside here/there/ away/out/up/indoor or outdoor as well as Main Verb, or Aux + Main Verb is used before the Subject.
For example,
Incorrect- Away Sita went Correct- Away went Sita.
Rules of English linguistic communication Grammar For SSC CGL as well as Bank PO
F. USES OF CONJUNCTIONS
71. Two Conjunctions should non last used inwards the same sentence.
Incorrect- Although she was tired, but she notwithstanding went on working.
Correct- Although she was tired, she notwithstanding went on working.
72. 'Both' should last followed past times 'and'. It should last used inwards the positive sense. In the negative sense, 'neither' ..... .'nor• should last used inwards identify of 'both'.
incorrect- Both Ravi every bit good every bit Raja were present there.
Correct- Both Ravi as well as Raja were nowadays there.
73. 'Either ... or', 'neither .... nor:
'both and', 'not solely but also'
should last followed past times the same parts of speech.
Incorrect- He non solely lost his ticket, but also his luggage.
Correct- He lost non solely his ticket but also his luggage.
74. 'Neither' should be followed , by 'nor', 'either' should last followed past times 'or'. Both these should non last con¬fused.
Incorrect- He washed neither his hands or his face.
Correct- He washed neither his hands nor his face.
75. 'No sooner' should last fol¬lowed past times 'than', non past times 'but' or 'then'.
Incorrect- No sooner create I destination this volume as well as then I shall laid about another.
Correct- No sooner create I destination the book, than I shall laid about another.
76. 'Hardly' as well as 'scarcely' should last followed past times 'when' or 'before', but non by 'than' or 'that'.
Incorrect- Hardly did I accomplish the station, than the develop left it.
Correct- Hardly did I accomplish the station when the develop left it.
77. 'That' should non last used before a judgement inwards Direct Speech as well as before Interrogative Adverbs as well as Pronouns inwards the Indirect Speech.
1. Incorrect- He said that, "I shall larn there."
Correct- He said, "I shall larn there".
2. Incorrect- He asked me that who I was.
Correct- He asked me who was.
G. USES OF PREPOSITION
78. Objective instance (of Noun or• Pronoun) is used after Preposition.
For example,
Incorrect- I create non depend on he.
Correct- I create non depend on him.
79. The Prepositions used after ii words must last made clear if these ii words are connected past times and or or.
For example,
Incorrect- She is witting as well as engaged inwards her work.
Correct- She is witting of as well as engaged inwards her work.
80. If a Principal Verb is used after about, after, at, before. for, from, in, on. to, that Verb must last in ing (V4) form.
For example,
Incorrect- You prevented me from do it.
Correct- You prevented me from doing it. .
81. On, in, at, are non used before today, tomorrow, yesterday, the next day, the side past times side twenty-four hr current etc.
For example,
Incorrect- He volition larn in that location on to-morrow.
Correct- He volition larn in that location tomorrow.
82. No Preposition is used before the discussion home. At abode is a phrase which bears a unlike meaning.
For example,
Incorrect- Bring a T.V. laid at home.
Correct- Bring a T.V. se$ home. 83. After Transitive Verbs, similar dis¬cuss, describe, reach, order, tell, demand, attack, resemble, ridicule, etc. nosotros direct exercise the object as well as no Preposition is used after the Verb.
For example:
Incorrect- The poet describes about the beauty of naturel in this poem.
Correct- The poet describes the beauty of nature inwards this poem.
84. Say/suggest/propose/speak/reply/explain/talk/listen/write is followed past times to-Preposition if in that location is a individual inwards the shape of object.
For example,
1. Incorrect- He did non respond me.
Correct- He did non respond to me. 2. Incorrect- He did non write to a letter.
Correct- He did non write a letter.
H. USES OF PRONOUNS
85. When a Pronoun is used every bit the complement of the Verb 'to be', it should last inwards the nominative case.
Incorrect- If I were him, I would non create it.
Correct- If I were he, I would non create it.
86. When the Pronoun is used every bit the object of a Verb or of a Preposition, it should last inwards the objective case.
1. Incorrect- Let y'all as well as I create it.
Correct- Let y'all as well as me create it.
2. Incorrect- These presents are for y'all as well as I.
Correct- These presents are for y'all as well as me.
87. Emphatic Pronouns tin not
stand lone every bit Subjects Incorrect- Himself did it. Correct- He himself did it.
88. The Indefinite Pronoun 'one' should last used throughout if used at all.
Incorrect- One must non boast of his ain success.
Correct- One must non boast of one's ain success.
89. 'Either' or 'neither' is used solely inwards speaking of ii persons or things; 'any', 'no one' as well as 'none' is used inwards speaking of to a greater extent than than two.
1. Incorrect- Anyone of these ii roads leads to the railway station.
Correct- Either of these ii roads leads to the railway station.
2. Incorrect- Neither of these iii boys did his homework.
Correct- No 1 of these iii boys did his homework.
90. 'Each other' is used inwards speaking of ii persons or things; 'one an¬other' is used inwards speaking of to a greater extent than than two.
Incorrect- The ii brothers loved 1 another.
Correct- The ii brothers loved each other.
91. H5N1 Noun or Pronoun governing a Gerund should last seat inwards the possessive case.
Incorrect- Please excuse me existence late.
Correct- Please excuse my existence late.
92. H5N1 Pronoun must handle alongside its antecedent inwards person, publish as well as gender.
Incorrect- Each of these boys has done their homework.
Correct- Each of these boys has done his homework.
93. When ii or to a greater extent than Singular Nouns are joined past times 'and', the Pronoun used for them must last inwards Plural.
Incorrect- Both Raju as well as Ravi receive got done his homework.
Correct- Both Raju as well as Ravi receive got done their homework.
94. When ii or to a greater extent than Singular Nouns joined past times 'and' holler to the same individual or thing, a Pronoun used for them must last inwards the singular.
Incorrect- The collector as well as District Magistrate is non negligent inwards their duty.
Correct- The collector as well as District Magistrate is non negligent inwards his duty.
95. When ii or to a greater extent than singular nouns joined past times 'or' or 'nor', 'either ... or', 'neither .. nor', the Pronoun used for them should last inwards the singular.
Incorrect- Neither Ravi nor Raju has done their homework.
Correct- Neither Ravi nor Raju has done his homework.
96. When ii or to a greater extent than singular Pronouns of unlike persons come upwardly together, the Pronoun of 2nd per¬son singular (you) comes first, the pronoun of the initiative of all individual singular (I) comes final as well as the pronoun of the tertiary individual singular (he) comes inwards between.
Incorrect- I, You as well as he must work together ..
Correct- You, he as well as I must travel together.
97. When ii or to a greater extent than plural Pro-nouns of unlike persons come upwardly together initiative of all individual plural (we) comes first, as well as then 2nd individual plural (you) as well as final of all tertiary individual plural (they).
Incorrect- You, they as well as nosotros must work together ..
Correct- We, y'all as well as they must travel together.
98. The Relative Pronoun who is in subjective case, whereas whom is in objective case. Therefore, for who in that location must last a Finite Verb inwards the sentence. Or otherwise, when whom (Object) is used inwards the judgement as well as in that location is to a greater extent than Finite Verb's than the publish of Subjects inwards the sentence, as well as then whom should last changed into who (Subject).
For example,
Incorrect- The doctor whom came hither was Ram's brother.
Correct- The physician who came hither was Ram's brother.
99. With Superlative Degree Adjective, only, none, all etc., every bit Relative Pronoun nosotros exercise that as well as non which or who.
For example,
Incorrect- All which glitters is non gold.
Correct- All that glitters is non gold.
100. After let, if a Pronoun is used, that Pronoun must last inwards the Objective Case.
For example,
Incorrect- Let he larn there.
Correct- Let him larn there.
Rules of English linguistic communication Grammar For SSC CGL as well as Bank PO
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